Standard Base64 vs Base64URL
Standard Base64 uses + and / which are unsafe in URLs. Base64URL substitutes - and _ and drops padding — essential for JWTs, OAuth tokens, and URL query parameters.
- Standard Base64: use for email attachments, binary in JSON, image data URIs.
- Base64URL: use for JWTs, URL parameters, and any context where + and / break parsing.
- MyDevTools Base64 tool handles both modes in one place.

